Braking and Cooling System

Braking System

In an automobile vehicle, a braking system is an arrangement of various linkages and components (brake lines or mechanical linkages, brake drum or brake disc , master cylinder or fulcrums etc) that are arranged in such a fashion that it converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into the heat energy which in turn stops

The braking system has a few basic principles. The first part is stepping on the brake pedal, which pushes a plunger in the master cylinder. This will force brake fluid through a series of tubes and different hoses into the braking unit at each wheel. In the second part, the pressure from the brake fluid reaches the braking unit. On a diskbrake, the fluid from the master cylinder is forced into a caliper where it presses against a piston.The piston, in-turn, squeezes two brake pads against the disk (rotor), which is attached to the wheel, forcing it to slow down or stop.

BRAKE FLUID- Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used to transfer force under pressure through hydraulic lines to the braking mechanism near the wheels.Braking applications produce a lot of heat, so brake fluid must have a high boiling point to remain effective, and must also not freeze under normal temperatures

Cooling system

vehicle’s engine-cooling system serves not just to keep the engine cool, but to also keep its temperature warm enough to ensure efficient, clean operation. System components include a radiator to dissipate heat, a fan or fans to ensure adequate airflow for radiator cooling, a thermostat valve that opens when the desired operating temperature is reached and a water pump (or coolant pump) to circulate coolant through the engine, hoses and other components. Most vehicles now employ an expansion tank that allows the coolant to expand, and exit, the cooling circuit when hot, and to return when the car is turned off and the engine cools.

COOLANT

A coolant is a substance, typically liquid or gas, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. An ideal Coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, and is chemically inert, neither causing nor promoting corrosion of the cooling system. It is a solution of a suitable organic chemical most often ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, or propylene glycol in water which can withstand temperatures below 0°C and boiling point above 100°C.